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In the unit vial, white coloured, powder ampicilline sodium that is equal to 2.5 g ampicilline activity is available. With each vial, 10 ml sterile, apirogene injection bidistiled water-containing ampoule is available. When the per vial is diluted with 10 ml solvent ampoule, Each Icc of the composing 12 ml clear, yellowish solution contains approximately 208 mg ampicilline.
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Ampicilline is one of the antibacterial agents that are included in the semi– synthetic penicillin group having a larger area of effect compared to penicillin. It is an antibiotic with broad spectrum, which antibiotic affects as a strong bactericide against the gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria. The bacteria affects by inhibiting the mucopeptide biosynthesis. Since it is subject to degradation by the penicillinase, it does not have an effect on the bacteria producing penicillinase. Sensitivity of the bacteria toward ampicilline is as follows:
Sensitive bacteria: Mainly gram- positive bacteria containing the beta haemolytic Streptococcus sp's (Strep. Agalactiae, S. canis, S. zooepidemicsus, S. dysgalactiae, S. suis, S. uberis, Bacillus anthracis, Actinomyces sp., mainly Corynebacter sp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathise, mainly Listeria monocytogenes) some anaerobes (Clostridium sp., mainly Fusobacterium sp., some Bacteroidees sp.) some gram negative aerobes (Haemophilus somnus), Borrelia sp., Leptospira sp., Actinobacillus sp., Haemophilus sp., Moraxella sp., Pasteuralla sp.,
Middle- level sensitive bacteria: while they change together with the gained immunity, these bacteria species are middle- level sensitive: Actinobacillus sp., Borrelia sp., Haemophilus sp., Leptospira sp., Moraxella sp., Pasteurella sp., Proteus sp., Taylorella equigeniitalis, Serpulina sp., Campylobacter sp., Enterococci., and Rhodococcus equi. Development of resistance is widely encountered in Enterobacteriaceae.
Resistant bacteria: Bacteroides fragilis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Citrobacter sp. Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., other Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serratia sp., Yersinia enterocolitica.
Ampicilline, subsequent to the in-muscle application, is absorbed at the injection area fast and it reaches at the effective concentration in half an hour. When ampicilline is applied through parenteral method, it provides 3 to 4 times more treatment intensity compared to the use through mouth. It combined with the plasma proteins with low ratios. It disperses to all the tissue sections of the body subsequent to the absorption and accumulates mostly in the liver and kidneys. Except for the inflation of the meninx, it passes into the brain and spinal fluid in very little rates. The medicine is discharged by the kidneys to a large extent without being subject to any metabolic modification. It is also excreted by the bile in amounts that cannot be ignored. The ampicilline concentration of the bile reaches at the dimensions that are 4 times higher than blood dimension. Since it is discharged in the urine in active form and since it enters the enterohepatic siklus, its effects on the urinary tract and intestine infections is at maximum level.
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Ampicilline is used for the treatment in horse, cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, and cats against the infections of digestion system, respiratory system, urinary tract and genital system resulting from bacteria. In this scope, in the systemic and local infections caused by E. coli, Salmonella, and sensitive bacteria in septicaemia, in the secondary infections like upper and lower respiratory tract infections such as pharyngitis and bronchopneumonia that advance via viral infections and that are caused by sensitive bacteria, in the soft tissue infections such as nails, skin, and umbilical cord, also in metritis and mastitis in order to support the local treatment.
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In the cases that it is not recommended by the veterinary otherwise, following dose chart is applied.
The solution prepared by adding the sterile distilled solvent that is available in the vial box containing powder is injected into the muscle, under the skin, or into the peritonaeum. 1.25 cc of the solution prepared for injection contains approximately 260 mg Ampicilline. Daily dose of Alfasilin in domestic animals (horse, cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, and cats ) is averagely 5 – 10 mg for live weight. In the practical applications, for horse, cattle, goats, sheep, 1 – 2 cc for 50 kg live weight, and in cats and dogs, 0.1 – 0.2 cc for 5 kg live weight is applied into the muscle, under the skin, or into the peritonaeum.
In the treatment of the acute infections, the top dose is preferred. Applications are conducted in 24 hours of interval. Treatment continues 3 to 5 days. It must not be applied by intravenous method.
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